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The respiratory tract can adjust the blood pH upward in minutes by exhaling CO 2 from the body. It takes only seconds for the chemical buffers in the blood to make adjustments to pH. The buffer systems in the human body are extremely efficient, and different systems work at different rates. Figure 26.4.1 – The pH Scale: This chart shows where many common substances fall on the pH scale. Most commonly, the substance that absorbs the ions is either a weak acid, which takes up hydroxyl ions, or a weak base, which takes up hydrogen ions. A buffer is a chemical system that prevents a radical change in fluid pH by dampening the change in hydrogen ion concentrations in the case of excess acid or base. A variety of buffering systems permits blood and other bodily fluids to maintain a narrow pH range, even in the face of perturbations. Acid-balance balance is measured using the pH scale, as shown in Figure 26.4.1. Proper physiological functioning depends on a very tight balance between the concentrations of acids and bases in the blood. Describe how the kidney affects acid-base balance.Explain the way in which the respiratory system affects blood pH.Identify the most rapid buffer system in the body.
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By the end of this section, you will be able to: